| 引用本文：宋燕,卞鹰.基本药物制度对农村地区药品可及性影响的实证分析[J].中国卫生政策研究,2012,5(7):16-20 |
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| 基本药物制度对农村地区药品可及性影响的实证分析 |
| 投稿时间：2012-05-29 修订日期：2012-06-22 PDF全文浏览 HTML全文浏览 |
| 宋燕1, 卞鹰1 |
| 澳门大学中华医药研究院中药质量研究国家重点实验室 |
| 摘要:目的：对基本药物制度实施前后基本药物的价格水平进行比较，评价基本药物制度对提高中国农村地区药品可及性的效果。方法：资料来源于2010—2011年在中国4省的药品价格问卷调查，借鉴WHO/HAI提供的方法，以中位价格比值评价药品价格水平，以国家相对贫困线和农村地区人均纯收入作为相对购买力划分标准，评价药品价格的可负担性。结果：药品中位价格比值由13.858降为8.204，降价效果最明显的是抗炎药物和心血管药物；药品的总体销量增加了36.74%；基本药物制度实施后，一个疗程的药品费用大概为低收入人群4.21天的工资或一般收入人群0.98天的工资。结论：基本药物制度的实施在一定程度上有利于药品价格降低，与国际参考价格相比我国药品价格水平仍相对较高，基本药物对低收入人群的可负担性仍较低。建议：应继续大力推进基本药物制度，并进一步完善包括基本药物生产、流通、定价在内的整个产业链，同时有针对性地提高农村低收入人群对基本药物的可负担性。 |
| 关键词:基本药物制度 药品价格 药品可及性 实证分析 |
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| Empirical study of China’s essential medicine system on improving access to medicines |
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| Abstract:Objective: To compare market prices of essential medicines in rural China before and after National Essential Medicine System, and to examine the subsequent public access to essential medicines. Methods: Data was obtained from four provinces by field survey from 2010 to 2011. Outcome measures were median price ratio (MPR), and number of days’ household incomes needed to purchase treatment. Results: Under NEMS, the MPR for the essential medicines decreased from 13.858 times to 8.204 times. The biggest price reduction was observed in the anti inflammatory drugs and cardiovascular drugs. The sales volume increased by 36.74%. The mean medicine expenditure under standard treatments in 2010 equaled 4.21 days’ household income at a low income level and 0.98 days’ household income at a middle income level. Conclusion: The market prices of essential medicines greatly decreased in rural China after NEMS. Despite the prices remained high compared to international reference prices (IRP), it still revealed improved affordability. But the financial burden on the rural poor remained high. Policy options such as promoting disease financing mechanisms are still needed to improve medicine access. |
| Key words:Essential medicine system Medicine price Access to medicines Empirical study |
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