| 引用本文：陈昕,胡娟娟,龚时薇.从供应链角度评介美国国家医药品战略储备体系及其对我国的启示[J].中国卫生政策研究,2014,7(9):51-57 |
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| 从供应链角度评介美国国家医药品战略储备体系及其对我国的启示 |
| 投稿时间：2014-06-20 修订日期：2014-09-17 PDF全文浏览 HTML全文浏览 |
| 陈昕, 胡娟娟, 龚时薇 |
| 华中科技大学同济医学院药学院 湖北武汉 430030 |
| 摘要:目的：应用供应链管理理论分析美国国家医药品战略储备供应体系的优缺点，提出适用于我国国家应急医药品有效供应的建议。方法：通过文献研究和比较研究方法，了解美国应急医药品战略性国家储备体系的供应链模式与中国的差异性。结果：从供应链的视角，美国战略性国家储备对应急医药品主要采取“应急包预先储备”、“管理型库存”和“合同储备”的应急准备方式；对应急医药品的物流调运采取“地方—州—国家”申报审批管理和分时间段供应模式；信息流的传递，利用大型数据库、模拟软件和技术咨询响应单元的建立，实现实时交流，便于准确与及时地调运应急医药品。结论：完善我国应急医药品的供应链体系，明确供应管理的主体与职责，建立分救灾时间段的应急医药品目录和采用第四方物流供应模式，提高我国应急医药品准备的系统化、规范化和信息化水平。 |
| 关键词:美国国家战略储备 供应链 应急医药品 第四方物流 |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（71373089） |
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| Assessment of the US strategic national stockpile for medicine from the perspective of the supply chain and implications for China |
| CHEN Xin, HU Juan-juan, GONG Shi-wei |
| School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan Hubei 430030, China |
| Abstract:Objective: To analyze the pros and cons of the US strategic national stockpile (SNS) from the perspective of the supply chain and to put forward suitable recommendations for China's national emergency medicine system. Methods: Literature review and a comprehensive analysis have been utilized to understand the SNS supply chain model and its differences from the Chinese model. Results: From the perspective of the supply chain, the United State's storage of emergency medicine consists of the forward placement of push packages, managed inventory and purchase contracts. The deployment of logistics for emergency medicine must gain approval from the federal government's "local-state-nation" system, and be conducted at a different time. To transmit information, a large database, simulation software, and a technical advisory response unit have been established to manage information flow to distribute medicine accurately and promptly. Conclusion: Given the experiences of supply chain management in the US SNS system, it is critical for China to improve the supply chain system of emergency medicine, define the institutions and responsibilities within the supply chain, establish disaster relief reserve of emergency medicine and adopt fourth-party logistics for emergency medicine in order to make the China's emergency preparedness more systemized, standardized, and information-based. |
| Key words:Strategic national stockpile Supply chain Emergency medicine Fourth-party logistics |
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