| 引用本文：张超, 陈楚康, 张众, 王炜昱, 刘晓云, 黄明玉, 燕碧波, 于佳, 田娟, 胡丹.农村地区培养卫生人才的国际经验与启示[J].中国卫生政策研究,2018,11(1):67-75 |
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| 农村地区培养卫生人才的国际经验与启示 |
| 投稿时间：2017-01-15 修订日期：2017-06-01 PDF全文浏览 HTML全文浏览 |
| 张超1,2, 陈楚康1,2, 张众1,2, 王炜昱1,2, 刘晓云2, 黄明玉3, 燕碧波4, 于佳5, 田娟6, 胡丹2 |
1. 北京大学公共卫生学院 北京 100191;
2. 北京大学中国卫生发展研究中心 北京 100191;
3. 青海大学医学院 青海西宁 810016;
4. 九江学院 江西九江 332000;
5. 广西医科大学 广西南宁 530021;
6. 赣南医学院农村(社区)医学教育研究中心 江西赣州 341000 |
| 摘要:目的：描述国外为农村地区培养卫生人才的政策和项目，分析增加农村地区卫生人力的做法和措施，为我国订单定向免费医学生培养政策提供参考和依据。方法：采用文献综述方法，搜索国内外为农村地区培养卫生人才相关文献48篇，对上述文献进行逻辑分析归纳，系统回顾分析国内外相关策略和做法，总结经验启示。结果：为农村地区培养卫生人才的常见措施包括：招收农村背景学生、导师制医学培养、农村卫生机构实习、经济激励措施、毕业后强制农村服务。对我国的启示包括：充足的财政资金是保证项目顺利实施的先决条件；做好项目管理和评价工作可以提高项目实施效果；选择合适的做法组合实施此类项目可以提高其效果。结论：订单定向免费医学生培养政策适合当前我国国情，同时不少国外经验值得我们借鉴：加大资金投入，加强管理和评价，加强部门合作，进一步完善订单定向医学生培养。 |
| 关键词:卫生人才 农村地区 国际经验 经济激励 强制农村服务 |
| 基金项目:美国中华医学基金会项目（CMB14-201） |
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| International experiences and implications for education and training of health professionals in rural areas |
| ZHANG Chao1,2, CHEN Chu-kang1,2, ZHANG Zhong1,2, WANG Wei-yu1,2, LIU Xiao-yun2, HUANG Ming-yu3, YAN Bi-bo4, YU Jia5, TIAN Juan6, HU Dan2 |
1. School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China;
2. China Center for Health Development Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China;
3. Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining Qinghai 810016, China;
4. Jiujiang University, Jiujiang Jiangxi 332000, China;
5. Guangxi Medical University, Nanning Guangxi 530021, China;
6. Rural(Community) Medical Education Research Center of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou Jiangxi 341000, China |
| Abstract:Objectives:To describe and summarize international evidences on policies and programs for training health personnel in rural areas, to identify best practice to increase health manpower in rural areas, and to provide references for China's policy of targeted admission program. Methods:This is a literature review based research. 48 literatures in Chinese and English were selected about the training of health professionals in rural areas at home and abroad. Thematic framework approach was applied to review and analyze the related strategies and practices, and lessons learned. Results:Common measures to train health personnel in rural areas included:enrollment of students with a rural background, tutoring system in medical training, internship in rural health institutions, financial incentives, and compulsory rural services after graduation. Lessons learnt:(1) adequate financial resources are a prerequisite for smooth program implementation; (2) Good project management and evaluation are critical aspects of effective project implementation; (3) choosing the right combination of various practices to implement such projects can improve effectiveness. Conclusions:The policy of targeted admission program is suitable for China's current situation. Meanwhile, international experiences can provide valuable lessons to improve China's program design and implementation and these include:increasing capital investment, strengthening management and evaluation, and strengthening sector cooperation to further improve targeted admission program. |
| Key words:Health professionals Rural areas International experience Financial incentives Compulsory rural services |
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