| 引用本文：刘佐坤, 马望尧, 顾亦梧, 张雨阳, 马继炎, 庞明樊, 孙一诺, 黄旸木.金砖五国药物国际贸易政策及对中国的启示[J].中国卫生政策研究,2024,17(4):-65 |
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| 金砖五国药物国际贸易政策及对中国的启示 |
| 投稿时间：2024-01-13 修订日期：2024-04-06 PDF全文浏览 HTML全文浏览 |
| 刘佐坤1, 马望尧2, 顾亦梧2, 张雨阳2, 马继炎1, 庞明樊1,3, 孙一诺1, 黄旸木1,4 |
1. 北京大学公共卫生学院 北京 100191;
2. 北京大学医学人文学院 北京 100191;
3. 中国疾病预防控制中心 北京 102206;
4. 北京大学全球健康发展研究院 北京 100191 |
| 摘要:本文采用政策文本分析法，基于金砖五国相关政策文本，旨在比较分析其药物国际贸易政策目标、发展及成效。金砖五国药物国际贸易政策的主要目标为保障药物供应的持续性、营造良好的国际贸易环境以及扩大本国药物出口。围绕上述目标，巴西、俄罗斯与南非均通过大量进口药物保障药物供应，同时采取了专利强制许可、推动外企本土化等手段减少进口依赖；印度通过抵制进口保护本土产业以保障药物供应，同时推动医药产品出口；中国则不断优化审批与监管程序，以营造良好贸易环境并扩大出口。中国应在确保国内药物研发与供应性自主性的同时，进一步完善药物国际贸易政策，更好地在金砖国家形成合力，推动全球公共医药产品的可及性。 |
| 关键词:金砖国家 药物政策 国际贸易 全球卫生 |
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| The international pharmaceutical trade policies of the BRICS countries and its implications for China |
| LIU Zuo-kun1, MA Wang-yao2, GU Yi-wu2, ZHANG Yu-yang2, MA Ji-yan1, PANG Ming-fan1,3, SUN Yi-nuo1, HUANG Yang-mu1,4 |
1. School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China;
2. School of Health Humanities, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China;
3. Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China;
4. Institute of Global Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China |
| Abstract:This study adopted the policy text analysis method, review the historical background of the enactment, aimed to comparatively analyze the international pharmaceutical trade policies of the BRICS countries. The main objectives of the BRICS countries’ international pharmaceutical trade policies included ensuring stable and accessible drug supply, expanding exports of domestic products and creating a favorable political environment. For these purposes, Brazil, Russia, and South Africa all ensure drug supply through substantial imports. However, they have also taken measures such as compulsory patent licensing and promoting localization of production by foreign companies to reduce import dependence. India, on the other hand, protects its domestic industry by resisting drug imports to ensure drug supply while simultaneously promoting the export of pharmaceutical products. China continually optimizes approval and data monitoring procedures to align with international standards, creating a favorable trade environment and expanding exports. China should further refine its international pharmaceutical trade policies while ensuring the autonomy of domestic drug research and supply, fostering stronger collaboration within BRICS nations and promoting global access to public healthcare products. |
| Key words:BRICS countries Pharmaceutical policy International trade Global health |
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