| 引用本文：焦军,王攀,和红.社区环境对老年人认知功能的影响及社会健康的中介机制研究[J].中国卫生政策研究,2025,18(5):42-49 |
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| 社区环境对老年人认知功能的影响及社会健康的中介机制研究 |
| 投稿时间：2025-04-27 修订日期：2025-05-14 PDF全文浏览 HTML全文浏览 |
| 焦军1，王攀1，和红1,2 |
| 1.中国人民大学人口与健康学院 北京 100872;2.中国人民大学健康科学研究所 北京 100872 |
| 摘要:目的 了解社区环境对老年人不同维度认知功能的影响，并探讨社会健康的中介作用，为认知友好型社区建设与改善老年人认知功能提供实证参考。方法 基于中国老年社会追踪调查（CLASS）2020年数据中的11 356名老年人，利用普通最小二乘法和工具变量两阶段最小二乘法估计社区环境对认知功能、智力完整性和记忆力的影响，进一步检验社会隔离、孤独感和社会参与三类社会健康指标的中介效应，并讨论这一影响是否存在群体差异。结果 社区环境对老年人整体认知功能和智力完整性具有积极影响，对记忆力维度的影响不显著。社区环境通过提升社会健康改善老年人认知功能，社会隔离、孤独感和社会参与均发挥显著中介作用。社区环境对低教育水平、75岁以下和居住在农村的老年人认知功能促进作用更强。结论 社区环境能够提升老年人认知功能，应加强认知友好型社区建设，从环境认知刺激和社会健康入手，改善社区环境以提升老年人认知功能。 |
| 关键词:社区环境 认知功能 社会隔离 孤独感 社会参与 |
| 基金项目:中国人民大学2025年度拔尖创新人才培育资助计划成果 |
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| The impact of community environment on cognitive function among the elderly and the medicating mechanism of social health |
| JIAO Jun1, WANG Pan1, HE Hong1,2 |
| 1.School of Population and Health， Renmin University of China， Beijing 100872;2.Institute of Health Science， Renmin University of China， Beijing 100872 |
| Abstract:Objective To investigate the impact of community environment on different dimensions of cognitive function among the elderly and to examine the mediating role of social health， providing empirical evidence for the construction of dementia-friendly communities.Methods Based on data from 11 356 elderly individuals in the 2020 wave of the China Longitudinal Aging Social Survey， this study employed OLS and IV-2SLS regression models to estimate the effects of community environment on cognitive function， intellectual integrity， and memory. The mediating effects of social isolation， loneliness， and social participation were further tested， and group heterogeneity was explored.Results Community environment significantly improved cognitive function and intellectual integrity among the elderly， while the effect on memory was not significant. Social isolation， loneliness， and social participation were found to mediate the relationship between community environment and cognitive function. The promoting effect of community environment on cognitive function was more pronounced among those with lower educational attainment， under 75 years of age， and living in rural areas.Conclusions Improving the community environment can enhance cognitive function among the elderly. Efforts should focus on strengthening environmental cognitive stimulation and promoting social health to advance the construction of dementia-friendly communities and delay cognitive decline. |
| Key words:Community environment Cognitive function Social isolation Loneliness Social participation |
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