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引用本文:朱柯嘉,杨士鋆,罗京京,等.基于政策工具的我国老年人非正式照料政策文本量化分析[J].中国卫生政策研究,2025,18(9):74-80
基于政策工具的我国老年人非正式照料政策文本量化分析
投稿时间:2025-07-17  修订日期:2025-09-13  PDF全文浏览  HTML全文浏览
朱柯嘉1,2,3,杨士鋆1,2,3,罗京京1,2,3,周成超1,2,3,4,5
1.山东大学齐鲁医学院公共卫生学院 山东济南 250012;2.国家卫生健康委员会卫生经济与政策研究重点实验室(山东大学) 山东济南 250012;3.山东大学卫生管理与政策研究中心(山东省重点新型智库) 山东济南 250012;4.山东大学医养健康产业研究院 山东济南 250012;5.山东大学高等医学研究院 山东济南 250012
摘要:目的 分析我国老年人非正式照料政策的重点与现存不足,为政策体系优化提供参考。方法 构建“政策工具—参与主体”二维分析框架,采用内容分析法对2011—2025年34份我国老年人非正式照料相关政策文本进行量化分析,旨在揭示政策体系的结构特征与演进逻辑。结果 我国老年人非正式照料政策演进经历制度初创期、规范发展期、系统深化期三阶段;在政策工具使用方面,供给型、环境型、需求型工具占比分别为39.6%、33.6%、26.8%,结构上从“单一供给型主导”逐步发展为“供给优化+环境赋能+需求拉动”多元协同模式;在参与主体维度,政府部门(27.7%)主导,科技企业参与度上升(20.6%),家庭成员占比低(9.2%)。结论 需进一步优化政策工具结构,强化社会参与和家庭支持体系,推动技术与人文深度融合,提升政策系统性与实效性。
关键词:老年人非正式照料  政策工具  参与主体  内容分析法
基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(72574128、72274109、71974117)
Quantitative analysis of informal elderly care policy texts in China based on policy tools
ZHU Ke-jia1,2,3, YANG Shi-jun1,2,3, LUO Jing-jing1,2,3, ZHOU Cheng-chao1,2,3,4,5
1.School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan Shandong 250012, China;2.NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research (Shandong University), Jinan Shandong 250012, China;3.Center for Health Management and Policy Research, Shandong University (Shandong Provincial Key New Think Tank), Jinan Shandong 250012, China;4.Institute of Health and Elderly Care, Shandong University, Jinan Shandong 250012, China;5.Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan Shandong 250012, China
Abstract:Objective This study aims to analyze the focus and existing shortcomings of informal elderly care policy in China, and to provide references for policy system optimization.Methods A two-dimensional analysis framework of “policy instruments-participating actors” was constructed and a content analysis method was applied to quantitatively analyze 34 relevant policy texts on informal elderly care(2011-2025), aiming to reveal the structural features and evolution logic of the policy system.Results The policy evolution has undergone three stages, including institutional initiation, regulated development, and systematic deepening.In terms of policy tools, supply-side, environmental, and demand-side tools accounted for 39.6%, 33.6%, and 26.8%, respectively, with the structure transitioning from a “supply-dominated” to a diversified synergistic model of “supply optimization + environmental empowerment + demand stimulation”. In terms of participating actors, government departments (27.7%) played a dominant role, technology enterprises showed increased participation (20.6%), while family members remained underrepresented(9.2%).Conclusion It is necessary to further optimize the structure of policy tool, strengthen social participation and family support systems, promote the deep integration of technology and humanistic care, and enhance the systematicness and effectiveness of the policy system.
Key words:Informal elderly care  Policy tools  Participants  Content analysis method
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