| 引用本文：靳思慧,郭胜鹏,王虎峰.基于工作要求—资源模型的我国家庭健康指导员工作实践与机制研究[J].中国卫生政策研究,2026,19(1):76-82 |
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| 基于工作要求—资源模型的我国家庭健康指导员工作实践与机制研究 |
| 投稿时间：2025-11-24 修订日期：2025-12-30 PDF全文浏览 HTML全文浏览 |
| 靳思慧1,2，郭胜鹏1,2，王虎峰1,2 |
| 1中国人民大学公共管理学院 北京 100872;2中国人民大学医改研究中心/健康与医改政策实验室 北京 100872 |
| 摘要:目的 在健康家庭建设全面推进的背景下，基于JD-R模型，系统分析我国家庭健康指导员的工作实践机制。方法 选取来自四个地区的30名家庭健康指导员开展半结构式深度访谈，利用主题框架法进行归纳。结果 在工作资源得到有效调动时，政策支持明确、领导重视以及培训机会共同强化工作意义与胜任感，形成投入增强、服务质量提升的“资源—动机”路径；在任务叠加、多头管理且经费与待遇保障不足的情境下，则表现为负荷累积、角色冲突和职业损耗的“要求—损耗”路径。结论 缓解家庭健康指导员“高要求—低资源”的结构性失衡，应建立跨部门统筹与协同机制，构建稳定的经费保障和绩效激励体系，完善分层培训体系与标准化服务工具，以提升家庭健康指导员队伍的可持续性和健康家庭建设的制度效能。 |
| 关键词:JD-R模型 家庭健康指导员 工作机制 优化路径 |
| 基金项目:国家社会科学基金重大项目（23BGL298） |
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| Work practices and mechanisms of family health instructors in China based on the Job Demands-Resources model |
| JIN Si-hui1,2, GUO Sheng-peng1,2, WANG Hu-feng1,2 |
| 1School of Public Administration and Policy， Renmin University of China， Beijing 100872， China;2Heath and Reform Policy Laboratory， Health Reform and Development Center of Renmin University of China， Beijing 100872， China |
| Abstract:Objective Against the backdrop of the nationwide rollout of healthy family initiatives， this study draws on the Job Demands-Resources （JD-R） model to systematically analyze the work practice mechanisms of family health instructors in China.Methods Semi-structured， in-depth interviews were conducted with 30 family health instructors from four regions， and a thematic framework approach was used for data analysis and synthesis.Results When work resources are effectively mobilized， clear policy support， visible leadership attention， and adequate training opportunities jointly strengthen instructors' sense of work meaningfulness and competence， forming a "resource-motivation" pathway characterized by increased work engagement and improved service quality. By contrast， under conditions of task accumulation， multi-agency management， and insufficient financial and remuneration security， instructors are more likely to experience workload accumulation， role conflict， and professional strain， reflecting a "demand-strain" pathway.Conclusions To alleviate the structural imbalance of "high demands-low resources" faced by family health instructors， it is necessary to establish a cross-sectoral coordination mechanism， build stable funding and performance incentive systems， and improve tiered training schemes and standardized service tools， thereby enhancing the sustainability of the family health instructor workforce and the institutional effectiveness of healthy family construction. |
| Key words:Job Demands-Resources model Family health instructor Work mechanism Optimization path |
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